Hawai: la montaña más alta
La montaña más alta del mundo, si se midiera desde su base a la cima, sería la isla de Hawai. ElMonte Everest se apoya sobre la meseta Tibetana que está situada a 3.600 metros, de modo que midiendo desde allí «sólo» tendría 5.230 metros de altura. En cambio, el volcán Mauna Loa de Hawai tiene su base bajo el océano, a 5.500 mts por bajo el nivel del mar, lo que daía un total de 9.767 metros desde la base a la cumbre. El punto más alejado del centro de la tierra esel volcán Chimborazo en Ecuador. El Everest sólo podría considerarse la montaña más alta si el criterio elegido fuera «la disminución de la presión atmosférica». (Fuente: De los números y su historia, Isaac Asimov, 2000; vía Markelo de Pequeños Enigmas.)
Distribución geográfica
La mayoría de las montañas más altas del mundo se encuentran en las cordilleras del Himalaya (48) y el Karakórum (43), en las regiones fronterizas entre India, China, Pakistán y Nepal. De hecho, todos los picos del mundo de más de 7.000 m se encuentran en la parte central de Asia, en un rectángulo formado por los picos Nowshak (7.492 m), en la frontera de Afganistán yPakistán, al oeste; Jengish Chokusu (Tomur Feng) (7.439 m), entre Kirguistán y Xinjiang, al norte; Gongga Shan (Minya Konka) (7.556 m), en Sichuan, en el este; y Kabru (7.412 m), entre Sikkim y Nepal, al sur. La siguiente fotografía tomada por satélite muestra la zona.
Montañas más altas del mundo
Orden | Cordillera | Nombre | Cordillera | País1 | Altura (m)2 | Prom. (m)3 | Montaña padre4 | Primera ascensión | Ascensiones5(intentos) | Coordenadas6 |
001 | Him-01 | Everest | Nepal |
Plantilla:CHILE Nepal |
8.8487 | 8.848 | No | 1953 | 145 (121) | |
002 | Kar-01 | K2 | Karakórum |
Pakistán India China |
8.611 | 5.395 | No | 1954 | 45 (44) | |
003 | Him-02 | Kangchenjunga | Himalaya | Nepal | 8.586 | 3.922 | Monte Everest | 1955 | 38 (24) | |
004 | Him-03 | Lhotse | Himalaya |
China Nepal |
8.516 | 610 | Monte Everest | 1956 | 26 (26) | |
005 | Him-04 | Makalu | Himalaya |
China Nepal |
8.485 | 2.386 | Monte Everest | 1955 | 45 (52) | |
006 | Him-05 | Cho Oyu | Himalaya |
China Nepal |
8.188 | 2.340 | Monte Everest | 1954 | 79 (28) | |
007 | Him-06 | Dhaulagiri | Himalaya | Nepal | 8.167 | 3.357 | Monte Everest | 1960 | 51 (39) | |
008 | Him-07 | Manaslu | Himalaya | Nepal | 8.163 | 3.092 | Cho Oyu | 1956 | 49 (45) | |
009 | Him-08 | Nanga Parbat | Himalaya | Pakistán | 8.125 | 4.608 | Dhaulagiri | 1953 | 52 (67) | |
010 | Him-09 | Annapurna I | Himalaya | Nepal | 8.091 | 2.984 | Cho Oyu | 1950 | 36 (47) | |
011 | Kar-02 | Gasherbrum I | Karakórum |
China Pakistán |
8.080 | 2.155 | K2 | 1958 | 31 (16) | |
012 | Kar-03 | Broad Peak | Karakórum |
China Pakistán |
8.051 | 1.701 | Gasherbrum I | 1957 | 39 (19) | |
013 | Kar-04 | Gasherbrum II | Karakórum |
China Pakistán |
8.034 | 1.523 | Gasherbrum I | 1956 | 54 (12) | |
014 | Him-10 | Shishapangma | Himalaya | China | 8.027 | 2.897 | Cho Oyu | 1964 | 43 (19) | |
015 | Him-11 | Gyachung Kang | Himalaya |
China Nepal |
7.952 | 700 | Cho Oyu | 1964 | 5 (3) | |
016 | Kar-05 | Gasherbrum III | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.946 | 355 | Gasherbrum II | 1975 | 2 (2) | |
017 | Him-12 | Annapurna II | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.937 | 2.437 | Annapurna I | 1960 | 6 (19) | |
018 | Kar-06 | Gasherbrum IV | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.932 | 715 | Gasherbrum III | 1958 | 4 (11) | |
019 | Him-13 | Himalchuli | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.893 | 1.633 | Manaslu | 1960 | 6 (12) | |
020 | Kar-07 | Distaghil Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán | 7.884 | 2.525 | K2 | 1960 | 3 (5) | |
021 | Him-14 | Ngadi Chuli | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.871 | 1.020 | Manaslu | 1970 | 2 (6) | |
022 | Him-15 | Nuptse | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.864 | 319 | Lhotse | 1961 | 5 (12) | |
023 | Kar-08 | Khunyang Chhish | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.823 | 1.765 | Distaghil Sar | 1972 | 2 (6) | |
024 | Kar-09 | Masherbrum | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.821 | 2.457 | Gasherbrum I | 1960 | 4 (9) | |
025 | Him-16 | Nanda Devi | Himalaya | India | 7.816 | 3.139 | Dhaulagiri | 1936 | 14 (12) | |
026 | Him-17 | Chomo Lonzo | Himalaya | China | 7.804 | 590 | Makalu | 1954 | 3 (1) | |
027 | Kar-10 | Batura Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán | 7.795 | 3.118 | Distaghil Sar | 1976 | 4 (6) | |
028 | Kar-11 | Kanjut Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán | 7.790 | 1.690 | Khunyang Chhish | 1959 | 2 (1) | |
029 | Kar-12 | Rakaposhi | Karakórum | Pakistán | 7.788 | 2.818 | Khunyang Chhish | 1958 | 8 (13) | |
030 | Him-18 | Namcha Barwa | Himalaya | China | 7.782 | 4.106 | Kangchenjunga | 1992 | 1 (2) | |
031 | Him-19 | Kamet | Himalaya | India | 7.756 | 2.825 | Nanda Devi | 1931 | 23 (14) | |
032 | Him-20 | Dhaulagiri II | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.751 | 2.396 | Dhaulagiri | 1971 | 4 (11) | |
033 | Kar-13 | Saltoro Kangri | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.742 | 2.160 | Gasherbrum I | 1962 | 2 (1) | |
034 | Kun-01 | Kongur | Kunlun | China | 7.719 | 3.585 | Distaghil Sar | 1981 | 2 (4) | |
035 | Him-21 | Jannu | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.711 | 1.036 | Kangchenjunga | 1962 | 17 (12) | |
036 | Hin-01 | Tirich Mir | Hindu Kush | Pakistán | 7.708 | 3.910 | Batura Sar | 1950 | 20 (11) | |
037 | Him-22 | Molamenqing | Himalaya | China | 7.703 | 430 | Shishapangma | 1981 | 1 (0) | |
038 | Him-23 | Gurla Mandhata | Himalaya | China | 7.694 | 2.788 | Dhaulagiri | 1985 | 6 (4) | |
039 | Kar-14 | Saser Kangri I | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.672 | 2.304 | Gasherbrum I | 1973 | 6 (4) | |
040 | Kar-15 | Chogolisa | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.665 | 1.624 | Masherbrum | 1975 | 4 (2) | |
041 | Him-24 | Dhaulagiri IV | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.661 | 469 | Dhaulagiri II | 1975 | 2 (10) | |
042 | Him-25 | Dhaulagiri V | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.618 | 340 | Dhaulagiri IV | 1975 | 2 (3) | |
043 | Kar-16 | Shispare | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.611 | 1.240 | Batura Sar | 1974 | 3 (1) | |
044 | Kar-17 | Trivor | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.577 | 980 | Distaghil Sar | 1960 | 2 (5) | |
045 | Him-26 | Gangkhar Puensum | Himalaya | Bután | 7.570 | 2.995 | Kangchenjunga | No escalado | 0 (3) | |
046 | Him-27 | Minya Konka | Himalaya | China | 7.556 | 3.642 | Everest | 1932 | 6 (7) | |
047 | Him-28 | Annapurna III | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.555 | 703 | Annapurna I | 1961 | 10 (17) | |
048 | Kun-02 | Muztagh Ata | Kunlun | China | 7.546 | 2.735 | Kongur Tagh | 1956 | varias | |
049 | Kar-18 | Skyang Kangri | Karakórum |
Pakistán China |
7.545 | 1.085 | K2 | 1976 | 1 (2) | |
050 | Him-29 | Changtse | Himalaya | China | 7.543 | 520 | Monte Everest | 1982 | 9 (9) | |
051 | Him-30 | Kula Kangri | Himalaya | China | 7.538 | 1.650 | Gangkhar Puensum | 1986 | 3 (2) | |
052 | Kun-03 | Kongur Tiube | Kunlun | China | 7.530 | 840 | Kongur Tagh | 1956 | 2 (3) | |
053 | Kar-19 | Mamostong Kangri | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.516 | 1.803 | Gasherbrum I | 1984 | 5 (0) | |
054 | Kar-20 | Saser Kangri II | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.513 | 1.450 | Saser Kangri I | No escalado | 0 (0)8 | |
055 | Pam-01 | Pico Ismail Samani | Pamir | Tayikistán | 7.495 | 3.402 | Muztagh Ata | 1933 | ||
056 | Kar-21 | Saser Kangri III | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.495 | 850 | Saser Kangri I | 1986 | 1 (0) | |
057 | Hin-02 | Noshaq | Hindu Kush | Afganistán | 7.492 | 2.024 | Tirich Mir | 1960 | 33 (3) | |
058 | Kar-22 | Pumari Chhish | HisparKarakórum | 7.492 | 890 | Khunyang Chhish | 1979 | 1 (2) | ||
059 | Kar-23 | Pasu Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.476 | 645 | Batura Sar | 1994 | 1 (0) | |
060 | Kar-24 | Yukshin Gardan Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.469 | 1.313 | Pumari Chhish | 1984 | 4 (1) | |
061 | Kar-25 | Teram Kangri I | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.462 | 1.702 | Gasherbrum I | 1975 | 2 (0) | |
062 | Him-31 | Jongsong Peak | Himalaya |
China India Nepal |
7.462 | 1.298 | Kangchenjunga | 1930 | 2 (3) | |
063 | Kar-26 | Malubiting | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.458 | 2.193 | Rakaposhi | 1971 | 2 (6) | |
064 | Him-32 | Gangapurna | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.455 | 563 | Annapurna III | 1965 | 8 (13) | |
065 | Tie-012 | Peak Jengish Chokusu | Tien Shan |
China Kirguistán |
7.439 | 4.148 | Ismail Samani Peak | 1938 | ||
066 | Kar-27 | K12 | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.428 | 1.978 | Saltoro Kangri | 1974 | 4 (2) | |
067 | Him-33 | Yangra | Himalaya |
China Nepal |
7.422 | 2.352 | Manaslu | 1955 | 1 (6) | |
068 | Kar-28 | Sia Kangri | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.422 | 640 | Gasherbrum I | 1934 | 6 (0) | |
069 | Kar-29 | Momhil Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.414 | 980 | Trivor | 1964 | 2 (6) | |
070 | Him-34 | Kabru | Himalaya |
India Nepal |
7.412 | 780 | Kangchenjunga | 1994 | 1 (2)9 | |
071 | Kar-30 | Skil Brum | Karakórum |
China Pakistán |
7.410 | 1.152 | K2 | 1957 | 2 (1) | |
072 | Kar-31 | Haramosh | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.409 | 2.277 | Malubiting | 1958 | 4 (3) | |
073 | Hin-03 | Istor-o-Nal | Hindu Kush | Pakistán | 7.403 | 1.040 | Noshaq | 1969 | 4 (5) | |
074 | Kar-32 | Ghent Kangri | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.401 | 1.493 | Saltoro Kangri | 1961 | 4 (0) | |
075 | Kar-33 | Ultar Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.388 | 700 | Shispare | 1996 | 2 (5) | |
076 | Kar-34 | Rimo I | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.385 | 1.438 | Teram Kangri I | 1988 | 1 (3) | |
077 | Him-35 | Churen Himal | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.385 | 600 | Dhaulagiri IV | 1970 | 3 (0) | |
078 | Kar-35 | Teram Kangri III | Karakórum | India(Cachemira) | 7.382 | 520 | Teram Kangri I | 1979 | 1 (0) | |
079 | Kar-36 | Sherpi Kangri | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.380 | 1.000 | Ghent Kangri | 1976 | 1 (1) | |
080 | Him-36 | Labuche Kang | Himalaya | China | 7.367 | 1.957 | Cho Oyu | 1987 | 1 (0) | |
081 | Him-37 | Kirat Chuli | Himalaya |
India Nepal |
7.362 | 1.168 | Kangchenjunga | 1939 | 1 (6) | |
082 | Him-38 | Abi Gamin | Himalaya |
China India |
7.355 | 217 | Kamet | 1950 | 17 (2) | |
083 | Him-39 | Nangpai Gosum | Himalaya |
China Nepal |
7.350 | 500 | Cho Oyu | 1996 | 3 (1) | |
084 | Him-40 | Gimmigela | Himalaya |
India Nepal |
7.350 | 432 | Kangchenjunga | 1994 | 3 (1) | |
085 | Hin-04 | Saraghrar | Hindu Kush | Pakistán | 7.349 | 1.979 | Noshaq | 1959 | 2 (3) | |
086 | Him-41 | Chamlang | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.321 | 1.240 | Lhotse | 1961 | 7 (1) | |
087 | Him-42 | Chomolhari10 | Himalaya |
Bután China |
7.315 | 2.065 | Gangkhar Puensum | 1937 | 4 (0) | |
088 | Kar-37 | Chongtar | Karakórum |
Pakistán China |
7.315 | 1.300 | Skil Brum | 1994 | 1 (1) | |
089 | Kar-38 | Baltoro Kangri | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.312 | 1.200 | Chogolisa | 1976 | 1 (0) | |
090 | Him-43 | Siguang Ri | Himalaya | China | 7.309 | 650 | Cho Oyu | 1989 | 2 (1) | |
091 | Kar-39 | The Crown | Karakórum |
Pakistán China |
7.295 | 1.919 | Skil Brum (K2) | 1993 | 1 (3) | |
092 | Him-44 | Gyala Peri | Himalaya | China | 7.294 | 2.942 | Monte Everest | 1986 | 1 (0) | |
093 | Him-45 | Porong Ri | Himalaya | China | 7.292 | 520 | Shisha Pangma | 1982 | 5 (0) | |
094 | Kar-40 | Baintha Brakk | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.285 | 1.891 | Kanjut Sar | 1977 | 3 (13) | |
095 | Kar-41 | Yutmaru Sar | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.283 | 620 | Yukshin Gardan Sar | 1980 | 1 (1) | |
096 | Kar-42 | Baltistan Peak | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.282 | 1.962 | Chogolisa | 1970 | 1 (3) | |
097 | Him-46 | Kangpenqing | Himalaya | China | 7.281 | 1.340 | Shisha Pangma | 1982 | 1 (1) | |
098 | Kar-43 | Torre Muztagh | Karakórum | Pakistán(Cachemira) | 7.276 | 1.710 | Skil Brum | 1956 | 4 (2) | |
099 | Him-47 | Maná | Himalaya | India | 7.272 | 730 | Kamet | 1937 | 7 (3) | |
100 | Him-48 | Dhaulagiri VI | Himalaya | Nepal | 7.268 | 485 | Dhaulagiri IV | 1970 | 5 (0) |